Data Types

Types describe the kind of data that is stored in a variable.

Primitive Types

Primitive types are the most basic data types.

Type	Description	Example
int	Integer	1 & -1
float	Floating point number	3.14
bool	Boolean	true & false
string	String	"Hello, World!"
char	Character	'a' & '\n'
uint	Unsigned Integer	0

Composite Types

Composite types are types that are composed of other types.

Type	Description	Example
array	Array	let arr: [int] = [1, 2, 3]
struct	Struct	struct Point { x: int, y: int }
enum	Enum	enum Code { Ok = 200, NotFound = 404 }

Pointers

Pointers are used to store the address of a variable.

let x: int = 1

let ptr: &int = &x

Another type of pointer is a function pointer. Function pointers are used to store the address of a function.

fun add(x: int, y: int): int {
    return x + y
}

let ptr = add

This is useful for passing functions as arguments to other functions.

Type Casting

Type casting is used to convert a value from one type to another.

let x: int = 1

let y = x as float

Type Aliases

Type aliases help abstract away the implementation details of a type.

type FileHandle = uint

Optionals

Optionals are used to represent values that may or may not exist.

let x: int? = 1 // x == 1

let y: int? // y == null

Then we can use the ? operator to see if the value exists.

let x: int? = 1

if x? {
    // x exists
} else {
    // x does not exist
}